What is the standard of proof in civil cases?

• A. Probable cause
• B. Preponderance
• C. Beyond a reasonable doubt
• D. Clear and convincing evidence

Answer: (B)

In civil cases, the standard of proof is a preponderance of the evidence. That means the plaintiff must show that it is more likely true than not—that the evidence tips the scales just slightly in their favor, above 50%. It’s a lower threshold than in criminal cases, which require proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Probable cause relates to whether a case can be brought in the first place, not to how the case is decided, and clear and convincing evidence is a higher standard used only in certain civil matters, not the general civil rule. In dentistry-related civil disputes, such as malpractice or professional liability claims, the plaintiff typically must meet the preponderance standard to succeed.